11 China -- Occupied and Splintered (1937 - 1945)
Primary Resources
| Document 11.1 |
"Military Door Gods," a print by Huang Yao, late 1930s |
| Document 11.2 |
"Study," a woodblock print by Jing Yun, 1937-1945 |
| Document 11.3 |
Excerpts from The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck, 1931 |
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Document 11.4
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Interview with Hsu King-Ming, May 2007 |
| Document 11.5 |
Excerpts from the diary of John Rabe, a witness to the Nanjing Massacre, 1937 |
| Document 11.6 |
The Empire of Japan's 66th Regiment 1st Battalion Report, December 13, 1937 |
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Document 11.7
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Photo at Nanjing Massacre Museum, 2006 |
| Document 11.8 |
“Snow Falls on China’s Land,” a poem by Ai Qing, 1937 |
| Document 11.9 |
Excerpts from “New Faith,” a short story by Ding Ling, 1939 |
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Document 11.10
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Excerpt from Shanghai Diary: A Young Girl’s Journey from Hitler’s Hate to War-Torn China by Ursula Bacon, 2002 |
| Document 11.11 |
General Joseph Stilwell bust outside the Stilwell Museum, Chongqing |
| Document 11.12 |
Excerpts from Red Star Over China by Edgar Snow, 1968 |
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Document 11.13
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Chinese Germ Warfare Victims Call for Just Ruling by Japanese Supreme Court,” in China Daily, June 26, 2006 |
Supplementary Resources
| Item 11.A |
Map of occupied China, 1940 |
Activity Websites
Activity 3
Part 2 - #7-25 Principles of the Nazi Party
A summary of the 25 principles of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party), 1920.
Part 3 - Photos from Nanjing Massacre Museum
The Nanjing Massacre Museum in Nanjing; includes additional information and a number of photographs of the memorials.
Suggested Resources 
Bix, Herbert. Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. New York: Harper Perennial, 2000.
Chang, Iris. The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II. New York: Penguin, 1998.
An account of the 1937 events in Nanking, often considered controversial. For a historian’s review of Chang’s account, see http://ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/reviewswc3.htm by Robert Entenmann.
Ding Ling. I Myself Am a Woman: Selected Writings of Ding Ling. Boston: Beacon Press, 1989.
Fenby, Jonathan. Chiang Kai-Shek: China’s Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004.
Ha Jin. Nanjing Requiem: A Novel. New York: Pantheon Books, 2011.
A novel about an American missionary and college dean who decides to stay in Nanjing during the 1937 Japanese attack.
Honda, Katsuichi and Frank Gibney. The Nanjing Massacre: A Japanese Journalist Confronts Japan’s National Shame. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1999.
Ishikawa Tatsuzō. Soldiers Alive. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2003.
Originally written in 1938, this novella written by a Japanese author describes the march on Nanjing in 1937.
Ropp, Paul. “Civil Wars, Invasion, and the Rise of Communism (1920-1949).” China in World History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Snow, Edgar. Red Star Over China. New York: Grove Press, 1993.
U.S. journalist’s account of the Chinese Communist movement and its leadership until the late 1930s. Originally published in 1937.
Tobias, Sigmund. Strange Haven: A Jewish Childhood in Wartime Shanghai. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1999.
Webster, Donovan. The Burma Road: The Epic Story of the China-Burma-India Theater in World War II. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2003.
Zarrow, Peter Gue. China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949. New York: Routledge, 2005.
Zhao, Yali and John D. Hoge. “Countering Textbook Distortion: War Atrocities in Asia, 1937–1945.” Social Education 70 (2006): 424–432.
Select 1900–1950 to view primary sources and a video unit about the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945).
Madame Chiang Kai-Shek Addresses Congress
Madame Chiang addressed Congress on February 18, 1943, and asked for aid for the Guomindang in their Civil War against the Chinese Communists.
The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders
The Nanjing Massacre Museum in Nanjing. Site includes photographs and witness statements representing Chinese accounts of the events. Note that this website contains graphic footage from the massacre.
Modern History Sourcebook: The Nanking Massacre, 1937
From F. Tillman, “All Captives Slain,” The New York Times, December 18, 1937, pp. 1, 10.
From the Special Collections of the Yale Divinity School Library.
City of Life and Death (135 mins; 2009)
A feature film about the Japanese attack of Nanjing on December 9, 1937.
Nanking (90 mins; 2007)
A documentary about the Japanese invasion of Nanking told through interviews with Chinese survivors, archival footage, and testimonies of Japanese soldiers, interwoven with staged readings of the Westerners' letters and diaries.
Shanghai Ghetto (95 mins; 2002)
This documentary includes interviews with survivors and historians, photographs, and footage of the “Jewish ghetto” and synagogue, which remain in Shanghai today. In English, German, and Chinese with subtitles.
